Four New Studies Indicate Obesity Has a Genetic Basis
By
WLC
February 08, 2009
Four new studies point to a link between genes and obesity.
The first is from the University of Dundee in Scotland. Researchers studied 2,700 children ages 4 to 10 years old and determined that those with a common gene variation were more likely to eat high-calorie food.
If a child had one copy of the gene, the risk for obesity increased by 30%, while two copies increased the risk by 70%. The children with the gene had similar metabolic rates and levels of physical activities and ate similar amounts of food as children without the gene.
This study appears in the New England Journal of Medicine.
The second study followed 500 Europeans over a five-year period. Some ate a diet high in saturated fats, others ate one high in non-saturated fats, and still others were on low-fat diets with fish oil supplements.
Professor Helen Roche and her colleagues, using blood tests, found that a certain cluster of genes determined how participants reacted to the diets. Some people showed positive changes when they switched to the fish oil diet, but others experienced little or no change. Dr. Roche was studying how diets determine metabolic syndrome indicators such as fat levels in blood, blood pressure, waist circumferences, levels of "good" cholesterol, etc. She speculated that an individualized approach to diet based on genetic factors might be the most effective.
A British study of 127 sets of twins, ages 10 to 12 years old, indicates that how fast you eat may be genetic.
The team of researchers from University College London found that overweight twins ate the fastest, followed by normal and below normal weight ones.
Professor Jane Wardle, lead author, said, "The twin study suggests that children who eat the fastest inherit this trait and it is a worrying risk for weight gain. ... If eating rates can be modified, and if it results in the consumption of less food, then early promotion of slower eating could ... help control current obesity trends."
This study appears in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
The final and fourth study by the University of Maryland involved the American Amish community.
"We found that five per cent of the Amish have a gene mutation that speeds up the breakdown of triglycerides, which are fat particles in the blood," according to lead researcher Toni Pollin.
This hereditary factor protects them from developing cardiovascular disease even though they are eating a diet rich in fats.
This study appears in the journal Science.
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